Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) – Understanding, Assessing, and Supporting Individuals

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication, interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Common symptoms include delayed speech, difficulty interpreting social cues, intense focus on routines, and sensory sensitivities. Early intervention, targeted therapies, and parental involvement can significantly improve skills, independence, and overall quality of life.

Common Symptoms of ASD

Social Communication & Interaction

• Difficulty with back-and-forth conversation

• Challenges interpreting non-verbal cues (body language, tone)

• Limited eye contact, sharing interests, or making friends

• May appear uninterested in social situations or others

Restricted & Repetitive Behaviors/Interests

• Repetitive movements (hand-flapping, rocking) or speech (echolalia)

• Strong need for sameness, rigid routines, or rituals

• Highly focused, intense interests (e.g., trains, dinosaurs)

• Unusual responses to sensory input (lights, sounds, textures)

Other Common Issues

• Speech or language delays

• Motor skill challenges or clumsiness

• Sleep difficulties, gastrointestinal issues, or co-occurring ADHD symptoms

Therapies & Interventions That Help

Behavioral Therapies

• Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA): Teaches new skills and reduces problem behaviors through reinforcement, breaking skills into manageable steps

• Social Skills Training: Helps children and adults navigate social situations

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Supports emotional regulation and anxiety management

Skill-Building Therapies

• Speech & Language Therapy: Enhances verbal and non-verbal communication

• Occupational Therapy (OT): Builds daily living skills and supports sensory integration

• Physical Therapy (PT): Improves motor skills, coordination, and balance

Educational & Support Strategies

• Special Education / IEPs: School-based accommodations and support

• Parent-Mediated Therapy: Equips parents to reinforce skills at home

• AAC (Augmentative & Alternative Communication): Tools like picture boards and devices for non-verbal communication

Clinical Assessment of ASD

A comprehensive autism assessment is multi-disciplinary and evidence-based, involving pediatricians, psychologists, neurologists, and therapists.

• Screening: Initial developmental checks and ASD-specific tools (e.g., M-CHAT-R/F for toddlers)

• Comprehensive Diagnostic Evaluation:

  • ADOS / ADOS-2: Observational assessment of social interaction, communication, and play

  • ADI-R: Structured parent interview focusing on developmental history and behavior

  • CARS / CARS-2: Clinician-rated severity scale

• Multidisciplinary Approach: Information is gathered from parents, teachers, and specialists to provide a full picture of the individual’s strengths and challenges, guided by DSM-5-TR criteria

Key Takeaway

Early, individualized, and intensive interventions are crucial for individuals with ASD. With a coordinated team of specialists, tailored therapies, and family support, individuals can develop essential skills, enhance independence, and reach their full potential. Book an Appointment

To schedule a psychological assessment or therapy session, please contact us. Our team will assist you in arranging a suitable time with the right professional.

📞 Appointment Hotline: 011-36762478

We offer:

• Psychotherapy (in-person / home visit / online)

• Psychological assessments (ADHD, Autism, Learning Difficulties, emotional concerns)

• Child, adolescent, and family counselling

• Corporate and school mental health training

Call us today to book your appointment. We are here to help.